SYNTHESIS OF URANIUM-THORIUM OXIDE POWDERS IN LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA OF HIGH FREQUENCY TORCH DISCHARGE

Abstract

The article discusses the process of plasma chemical synthesis of uranium-thorium oxide powders for a new generation dispersion nuclear fuel. In the course of research, the combustion parameters of the precursors were calculated. Precursors were water-organic nitrate solutions based on uranyl nitrate and thorium nitrate (fissile components), as well as magnesium nitrate (matrix material). The organic component of the solutions was acetone due to the sufficiently high calorific value and good mutual solubility. In the course of thermodynamic calculations, the optimal modes of processing of the water-organic nitrate solutions in low-temperature plasma were determined. These modes ensured the synthesis of oxide powders of the necessary stoichiometry without impurities of unoxidized carbon (soot). Experiments to obtain the samples of powders were carried out with the model solutions in which uranyl and thorium nitrates were replaced by neodymium and cerium ones, which are in the same group of the periodic table. The synthesis was carried out with the use of a plasma chemical unit based on a high frequency torch plasmatron. The synthesized powders were subjected to a number of analyzes including electron microscopy, particle size analysis, X-ray phase analysis and BET analysis. The results showed that the powders can be classified as nanosized.