2020 Vol. 17, No. 2(34)

Stary O1., Malyshev A.V.2, Lysenko E.N.2, Petrova A.2

FORMATION OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF FERRITES DURING RADIATION-THERMAL SINTERING DOI 10.31489/2020No2/6-10

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The results of a comparative analysis of the laws governing the formation of ferrite hysteresis loop parameters sintered in thermal and radiation-thermal conditions were shown. The influence of radiation exposure on the interconversion of microstructure defects and their content in ferrites, depending on the duration and temperature of treatment, was established. Also, it was shown that recrystallization grain growth under irradiation conditions is ahead of grain growth during thermal heating. The observed radiation effects were associated with the effect of radiation on the microstructure. The magnetic parameters are uniquely determined by the compaction of the sample.

Halamani Koushallya M., Mathad Shalini K., Kulkarni Akshay B., Mathad Shridhar N., Jeergal Pundalik. R., Hiremath Chidanandayya.S., Pujar Appanna S., Pujar Rangappa B.

VARIATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF Al DOPED Ni-Cd FERRITES WITH SINTERING TIME

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/11-18

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The aim of present work is to synthesis and study the structural properties of Al doped Ni-Cd ferrites, series by ceramic method. The samples are sintered at a temperature of 1100 C with sintering time of t=9, 11, 13, 15 hrs. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive Xray analysis and Fourier transform-Infrared. The single phase simple cubic spinel structure is confirmed by Xray diffraction patterns. The lattice parameter is found to be in the range of 8.478 Å - 8.481 Å. The uniform size distribution is observed in the scanning electron microscope micrographs. The elemental analysis is done by energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirming the presence of all the metal ions present in the ferrite formula. Fourier transform-Infrared spectra showed two bands υ1 (581-582 cm-1 ) and υ2 (less than 400 cm-1) which are attributed to metal oxygen bond vibrations at tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively.

Kadyrzhanov K.K.1 , Shlimas D.I.1 , Kaniukov E.Yu.2 , Kaliyekperov M.E.1

DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHASE COMPOSITION OF Cu-Bi COATINGS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF SHIELDING FROM IONIZING RADIATION.

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/19-24

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The work is devoted to the study of the efficiency of shielding the radiation exposure of heavy ions depending on the phase composition of Cu-Bi coatings. As a method of producing protective coatings, an electrochemical deposition method was used. The change in phase composition was carried out by varying the applied potentials difference during deposition. The study found that the change in phase composition leads to an increase in coating density, as a result of the dominance of the CuBi2O4 phase and an increase in the structural ordering degree. During shielding efficiency tests, it was found that the greatest decrease in the degree of crystallinity is observed for copper coatings, for which the amorphization of the structure at the maximum irradiation fluence didn’t exceed 12 %, while for coatings based on CuBi2O4 the value of amorphization was no more than 1.2 % of initial value. Amorphization and fragmentation of grains at high radiation doses leads to a decrease in the shielding efficiency, as well as an increase in the value of the deviation ΔU

Yurov V.M.1 , Guchenko S.A.1 , Salkeeva A.K.2 , Kusenova A.S.2

NITROGENING HYDRAULIC CYLINDER RODS

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/25-30

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The paper considers the method of ion-plasma nitriding of polished rods of hydraulic cylinders. With ion nitriding, the surface hardening of parts is most pronounced. This is due to the fact that the surface layer of the part does not exceed 20 nm, that is, it is a nanostructure. In this nanostructure, nitrogen diffusion processes are significantly different from bulk ones. The size effects in the nanostructure lead to the fact that the “classical” Fick equations do not work in the layer, and the diffusion of nitrogen in this layer depends logarithmically on the properties of the steel. It was theoretically found that diffusion in a nanoplate depends both on the material of the plate through the diffusion coefficient of the bulk sample D0 and on the size factor α. In the classical case, there is no such dependence

Surzhikov А.P.1 , Chicherina N.V.1 , Rogachev A.V.2 , Yarmolenko M.A.2 , Rudenkov A.S.2 , Rogachev A.A.3 , Wang Jicheng4

UDC: 621.793-036:678 COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF COMPOSITE COATINGS BASED ON METAL OXIDES AND POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENEDEPOSITED UNDER CONDITIONS OF ELECTRON-INIT DOI 10.31489/2020No2/31-38

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In this article features of physicochemical processes initiated by the low-energy electron flow between the components of the target based on nitrates of metals and metals, their influence on the kinetics of the formation of volatile products, the chemical composition and structure of the deposited coatings are established. When electrons act on a mixture of aluminum nitrate and dispersed aluminum, zinc oxide coatings containing zinc nanorods are formed. The impact of the electron flow on a mechanical mixture of powders of iron nitrate and dispersed aluminum is accompanied by explosive evaporation of the target, and a large number of microdroplet formations deposited at the final stage of exothermic reactions in the surface layers of the target are fixed on the surface of the coating containing oxides and metal nanoparticles. The features of the structure and chemical composition of coatings deposited from the volatile products of electron beam dispersion of a mechanical mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene, iron nitrate, and aluminum are determined. It is shown that under such conditions of generation of the gas phase, coatings are formed consisting of a polymer matrix and containing particles of oxide, a free metal, and a certain amount of the initial undecomposed salt. The result of exothermic reactions in the crucible is partial defluorination and increased defectiveness of the molecular structure of the fluoroplastic matrix.

Zhanabaev Z.Zh.1 , Ikramova S.B.1 ,Tileu A.O.1 ,Turlykozhaeva D.A.1

WIDTH OF ENERGY BAND GAP OF NANOPOROUS SEMICONDUCTOR FILMS

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/39-44

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The aim of this work is to experimentally clarify the reasons for the appearance of jumps in the current and memory of semiconductor nanoporous structures.Porous nanostructures were obtained by electrochemical etching. The current-voltage characteristics of the samples were measured for porous silicon and on thin films of a chalcogenide glassy semiconductor. The existence of jump-like switching and current hysteresis in porous silicon nanofilms under laser illumination is shown experimentally.A connection between the switching voltage values and the dependence of the band gap on the porosity of nanofilms is found. These results make it possible to construct a theory of current switching and its hysteresis based on the concepts of the theory of second order phase transitions

Yeszhanov A.B.1,2, Dosmagambetova S.S.2

HYDROPHOBIZATION OF PET TRACK-ETCHED MEMBRANES FOR DIRECT CONTACT MEMBRANE DISTILLATION OF LIQUID RADIOACTIVE WASTES

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/45-54

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This article provides the results of liquid low-level radioactive wastes treatment by direct contact membrane distillation using polyethylene terephthalate hydrophobic track-etched membranes. The hydrophobization of track-etched membranes was carried out by UV-induced graft polymerization of triethoxyvinylsilane with styrene and coating with fluorine-containing silanes. Hydrophobic membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact anglemeasurements, and liquid entry pressure analysis. Prepared membranes were tested in treatment of liquid low-level radioactive wastes by membrane distillation. The influence of pore sizes on water flux and rejection degree was studied. Rejection degree was evaluated by conductometry and atomic emission method. Decontamination factors evaluated by gamma-ray spectroscopy for 60Co, 137Cs, and 241Am are 85.4, 1900 and 5.4 for membranes modified with polystyrene and triethoxyvinylsilanewith pore diameters of 142 nm; 85.0, 1462 and 4 for membranes modified with perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane with pore diameters of 150 nm respectively.

Aimukhanov A.K.1, Zeinidenov A.K.1, Omarbekova G.I.1, Plotnikova I.V.2

INVESTIGATION OF OPTICAL AND ELECTROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE FILMS NIO/PEDOT:PSS

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/55-60

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This work presents the results of a study of the morphological, optical, and electrophysical parameters of Nickel Oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (NiO/PEDOT:PSS) composite films. It is shown that an increase in the speed of rotation of the substrate leads to a decrease in the surface roughness of NiO films. As the surface roughness of the Nickel oxide decreases, the roughness of the PEDOT:PSS film also decreases. Increasing the speed of rotation of the substrate leads to a decrease in the optical density of the absorption spectra of NiO films, as well of composite films NiO/PEDOT:PSS. It was found that changes in the morphology of NiO/PEDOT:PSS composite films contribute to the rapid transport of injected holes to the external electrode and reduce the probability of reverse recombination.

Turmukhambetov A.Zh., Aitmanovа K.A., Оtegenova S.B.

FRACTAL-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN A TURBULENT MEDIUM

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/61-68

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The features of convective heat transfer of bodies in a turbulent environment are considered. The results of experimental research by one of the authors are discussed. Experimental data show that the heat transfer of a spherical body is affected by natural convection, the thermo-physical properties of the medium, the tightness of the flow, the turbulent flow regime, etc. Due to these factors, the formula for calculating convective heat transfer, which includes many experimental constants, becomes cumbersome and inconvenient for practical application. The paper presents the results of applying fractal-structural analysis methods to describe experimental data on convective heat exchange of badly streamlined (cylinder and sphere) bodies in a channel. Quantitative relations are obtained that link the intensity of turbulent heat transfer with the criteria for the degree of self-organization

Кауаn V., Lebid O.

DARRIEUS TYPE WIND TURBINE WITH CONTROLLED BLADES

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/69-72

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The results of studies on possibility of increasing efficiency in the use of wind energy and improving the dynamic characteristics of Darrieus wind turbine with straight blades are described. It is shown how the values of torque on the rotor shaft may be optimized by controlling the orientation of the turbine blades relative to the oncoming flow. Control of blades was provided with a cylindrical track of the special form in plan. The track form allowed to establish optimum angle of attack on each site of blade circular trajectory. It allowed to increase power coefficient Cp by 1.5 times and to reduce wind speed at which there is self-start of the wind turbine

Yershina A.K., Sakipova S.E.

A METHOD FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF A WIND TURBINE

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/73-77

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The article discusses the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of wind turbines. A brief analysis of the current state of development of alternative energy, in particular wind energy in Kazakhstan, is considered. The computational study has shown that an increase in the power of a wind - power plant is possible due to the use of a system of simultaneously rotating rotors. A brief description of Bidarrieus-2 wind turbine construction, which can significantly increase the power removed from the wind flow, is given. The possibility of further increasing the efficiency of the Bidarrieus-2 wind turbine by means of a concentrator is discussed. The unique method for the speed controlling of the wind flow with the help of sliding flaps of the guide concentrator in order to improve the performance of the wind turbine at high wind speed is proposed first time.

Bezrodny M.K., Misiura T.O. THE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM FOR VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING INSIDE THE PRODUCTION AREA WITH AN EXCESSIVE INTERNAL MOISTURE GENERATION

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/78-86

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The paper studies application feasibility and energy efficiency of the ventilation and air conditioning heat pump system for maintaining comfort conditions inside the production area with an excessive internal moisture generation during the warm season. In this regard, a thermodynamic analysis of a heat pump system with a partial exhaust air recirculation and a variable ratio of fresh outside air was carried out. Numerical analysis was then done to estimate the influence of changes in the environment temperature and relative humidity and the characteristics of the ventilation and air conditioning object on the system parameters. This allowed to determine potential capabilities of this system to maintain comfortable conditions in the production area. It was also shown that the required additional cooling of the supply air at the entrance to the premise for air conditioning demands can be determined by a simple coefficient and its calculation method is provided in the article. The heat pump system of temperature and humidity maintenance has the highest energy efficiency in the zone of relatively low environment temperatures and largely depends on the relative humidity of the outside air. This suggests that the studied system is suitable for application in countries with temperate continental climate.

Vityuk V.A. 1 , Vityuk G.A. 1,2 , Skakov M.K. 1, Zhagiparova L.K. 1

DESIGN-BASIS JUSTIFICATION FOR IMPLEMENTING TARGETED ENERGY RELEASE IN TEST OBJECTS OF THE IMPULSE GRAPHITE REACTOR

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/87-95

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The article presents the approaches and technical solutions applied to assure preset axial and radial distribution of energy release in simulative fuel rods and fuel assemblies in the tests at the impulse graphite reactor. It considers the procedure for the design-basis justification of solutions that provide a given volume distribution of energy release in a test unit. The considerations are based on the example of heterogeneous fuel assemblies with the altitude separation of enriched fuel into two zones by a depleted uranium layer used to reproduce fissile material. The implementation of the procedure and making appropriate technical solutions made it possible to provide a targeted profile of the axial and radial distribution of energy release in a simulative fuel assembly at the design stage of an irradiation device. By the result of study, it is demonstrated that uniform radial energy release and targeted average energy release in upper and lower fission zones of experimental fuel assembly could be obtained at the level of 90.6 W/g (UO2) and 74 W/g (UO2), respectively. The measures include profiling of fuel pellets enrichment in fuel rods, using the pellets with an absorber at the zone ends, and a certain altitudinal positioning of the irradiation device in the reactor.

Khassenov A.K.1 , Nussupbekov U.B.1 , Karabekova D.Zh.1 , Stoev M.2 , Bolatbekova M.M.1

ELECTRIC PULSE METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SMALL-DISPERSED PRODUCT OF COAL-WATER FUEL DOI 10.31489/2020No2/96-99

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One of the most pressing issues is the effective use of coal combustion in the form of water-coal fuel, which has a number of advantages over layer or pulverized combustion. Coal-water fuel has a number of economic, operational and environmental advantages. The article considers the electric pulse method as a source of obtaining a fine product of coal-water fuel. The proposed method for grinding coal is based on the use of the energy of a pulsed shock wave resulting from a spark electric discharge in a liquid. The parameters of the electric pulse discharge for obtaining the required granulometric composition of the components of coal-water fuel are determined.

Nizhegorodov A.I.1 , Gavrilin A.N.2 , Moyzes B.B.2 , Kuvshinov K.A.2

TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING OF LARGE-SIZED VERMICULITE MICAS OF THE KOVDOR DEPOSIT

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/100-109

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The development of technology and equipment for the processing of large-sized vermiculite mica obtained from mining waste from the Kovdorsky deposit allows the large-scale vermiculite to be returned to processing industry. This article reviews the aspects of the technology for processing of large-sized mica with dimensions of 20 mm or more. The aim of the research is to study the grinding technology of large-sized vermiculite raw materials by the chopping overall particles, to develop the technological equipment and to study of its operating processes. The object of the research is the operating process of the chopping unit for grinding the large-sized vermiculite raw materials and its design. The methods are based on study of simulated movement of chopped large-sized particles and the determination of the main characteristics of the chipping unit operating process. It was found that the firing of large particles without grinding in chopping units requires a significant increase in firing time, which reduces the productivity of electric furnaces. The time of dropping particles out in the slot of the receiving drums of the chopping unit is determined, based on which the rotation speed of the receiving drums and its operational efficiency are calculated

Khairaliyev S.1 *, Kaishubayeva N.2 , Spitas Ch.3 , Dzhundibayev V.4

STATIC INTERACTION OF ROUGH SURFACES UNDER NORMAL FORCE

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/110-115

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Modern mechanical engineering designs (and some others) make more and more demands on the development of mathematical models of units in which friction is present. A condition that significantly complicates the study of the properties of a frictional contact is its discreteness with different geometric parameters of two contacting bodies, as a result of which the contact is formed only between a part of the roughness of the rubbing bodies (base and slide). The geometry of the contacting surfaces can most accurately be described by random functions, however, methods for calculating friction nodes based on random functions are very complicated. This work is the initial stage of building a model of contact interaction of two rough bodies with roughness parameters that are different for the two bodies, but constant for each individual body. In addition, the model of contact interaction is considered with a variable force compressing the contacting bodies, in the absence of an external shear force in the contact plane, and this work allows you to check the accuracy of constructing a model of interaction of friction surfaces with a relatively simple scheme of interaction of these surfaces.

Rakhadilov B.K.1,2*, Skakov М.K.1,2 , Miniazov A.ZH.2 , Zhurerova L.G.1 , Nugumanova A.B.1 , Khassenov A.K.3 , Karabekova D.Zh. 3

DEUTERIUM TRAPPING IN TUNGSTEN IRRADIATED WITH DEUTERIUM PLASMA AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/116-122

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This work was attended to the study of the accumulation of deuterium, also to the investigation of the process of capture of deuterium in tungsten samples upon irradiation with a plasma beam. It was shown that after irradiation on the surface, a change in the surface is observed as the development of the relief as a result of nonuniform etching of the surface. The degree of change in the relief and structure of the surface layer of the irradiated samples depends on the irradiation temperature. The accumulation of deuterium tungsten under irradiation with deuterium plasma was studied. The conducted thermal desorption analysis of tungsten samples irradiated with deuterium plasma showed that the tungsten surface is saturated with deuterium. The data obtained by the method of emission spectrometry and thermal desorption spectrometry showed that the majority of the captured deuterium accumulates at a depth under the 7 μm.

Matveev I. G.1,3 , Karpov K. A.2,3, Yurchenko A. V.1 , Siemens E.3

THE OBJECT TRACKING ALGORITHM USING DIMENSIONAL BASED DETECTION FOR PUBLIC STREET ENVIRONMENT

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/123-127

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The paper proposes an approach to object tracking for public street environments using dimensional based object detection algorithm. Besides the tracking functionality, the proposed algorithm improves the detection accuracy of the dimensional based object detection algorithm. The proposed tracking approach uses detection information obtained from multiple cameras which are structured as a mesh network. Conducted experiments performed in a real-world environment have shown 10 to 40 percent higher detection accuracy that has proved the proposed concept. The tracking algorithm requires negligible computational resources that make the algorithm especially applicable for low-performance Internet of things infrastructure.

Baktybekov K.1, 2, Kurmanbay A.*1, Sakhanov K.1, Syzdykov A.1, Mukhamediyev A.1

PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION WITH INDIVIDUALLY BIASED PARTICLES FOR RELIABLE AND ROBUST MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING UNDER PARTIAL SHADING CONDITIONS

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/128-137

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Efficient power control techniques are an integral part of photovoltaic system design. One of the means of managing power delivery is regulating the duty cycle of the DC to DC converter by various algorithms to operate only at points where power is maximum power point. Search has to be done as fast as possible to minimize power loss, especially under dynamically changing irradiance. The challenge of the task is the nonlinear behavior of the PV system under partial shading conditions. Depending on the size and structure of the photovoltaic panels, PSC creates an immense amount of possible P-V curves with numerous local maximums - requiring an intelligent algorithm for determining the optimal operating point. Existing benchmark maximum power point tracking algorithms cannot handle multiple peaks, and in this paper, we offer an adaptation of particle swarm optimization for the specific task

Surzhikov A.P.1, Lysenko E.N.1, Malyshev A.V.1, Kassymov S.S

ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICABILITY OF PHYSICAL MODELS TO DESCRIBE DENSIFICATION OF LITHIUM FERRITE COMPACTS DURING SINTERING IN THE FIELD OF INTENSE ELECTRON BEAM

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/138-145

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The paper analyzes the possibility of describing the accelerated sintering of lithium-titanium compacts under high-power radiation effects in terms of classical physical models developed by Kuczynski and Johnson based on the kinetic analysis of ferrite compact densification. LiTi ferrites synthesized by ceramic technology in laboratory conditions were investigated. The first portion of the compacts was sintered in air in thermal ovens at 900–1100°C for 30 minutes at a heating rate of 900 °C/min. The second portion of the compacts was sintered in a similar mode but using a radiation-thermal method: the exposure to pulsed electron beam with energy of 1.5–2.0 MeV using the ILU-6 accelerator. The geometrical dimensions of the compacts were measured before and after sintering to determine shrinkage. Mathematical approximation of the experimental shrinkage data showed the discrepancy of both models to describe sintering of LiTi ferrite samples both under thermal sintering conditions and radiationthermal effect.

Arkhipov V.V.1 , Aringazin A.K.2 , Kudussov A.S.3

ON THE STRUCTURE OF COHOMOLOGICAL MODELS OF ELECTRODYNAMICS AND GENERAL RELATIVITY

DOI 10.31489/2020No2/146-152

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In the present paper, we take case of a complex scalar field on a Riemannian manifold and study diff erential geometry and cohomological way to construct field theory Lagrangians. The total Lagrangian of the model is proposed as 4-form on Riemannian manifold. To this end, we use inner product of differential (p, q)-forms and Hodge star operators. It is shown that actions, including that for gravity, can be represented in quadratic forms of fields of matter and basic tetrad fields. Our study is limited to the case of the Levi-Civita metric. We stress some features arisen within the approach regarding nil potency property. Within the model, Klein-Gordon, Maxwell and general relativity actions have been reproduced.