К вопросу о решеточной составляющей коэффициента теплопроводности наночастиц фрактальной формы
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31489/2022No3/10-17Ключевые слова:
термоэлектрические материалы, теплопроводность, наночастицы, фононы, фрактальная размерностьАннотация
Использование аддитивных технологий для получения объемных наноструктурированных материалов из наночастиц является одним из наиболее перспективных направлений создания эффективных и коммерчески доступных термоэлектрических преобразователей энергии. Наноструктурирование позволяет осуществлять выборочную модификацию транспортных свойств, определяющих термоэлектрическую материала. В настоящей работе представлен еще один эффект, заключающийся в существенной зависимости вклада колебаний кристаллической решетки (практически требуется его уменьшение) в коэффициент теплопроводности наночастицы чистого вещества от ее морфологии. Морфология наночастицы задавалась величинами ее эффективного диаметра, фрактальной размерности и шероховатости поверхности. На примере наночастиц чистого висмута при низких температурах продемонстрировано существенное понижение теплопроводности решетки при «усложнении» морфологии частицы. В заключительной части работы представлены методы расчета ряда характеристик ансамблей наночастиц, а также обсуждается методика экспериментального определения фрактальной размерности.
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